Sistem navigasi kendaraan adalah perangkat navigasi berkendaraan modern yang digunakan untuk memandu perjalanan dari suatu tempat ke suatu tujuan tertentu, dengan menggunakan perangkat peta digital dan informasi posisi dengan menggunakan satelit GPS.
Sistem navigasi kendaraan sudah merupakan perlengkapan standar kendaraan mewah, dan bisa dibeli perangkat portabel dari penjual Sitem navigasi kendaraan.
Perlengkapan sistem navigasi kendaraan
Global Positioning System
Untuk penentu posisi di lapangan, saat ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat yang disebut GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver, yang kemudian diolah untuk mendapatkan posisi koordinat buminya. Ketelitian GPS semakin teliti, saat ini telah dijual perangkat Sistem navigasi kendaraan dengan tingkat akurasi beberapa meter saja.
Peta digital
Dengan menggunakan peta digital yang yang didownload ke perangkat sistem navigasi kendaraan, sehingga dapat mengetahui posisi saat ini dipeta dan arah lintasan yang akan dilalui.
Peta digital berisi informasi mengenai:
* Nama jalan, * Nama bangunan besar o Kantor besar o Hotel o Pusat perbelanjaan * Objek wisata * Stasiun pengisian bahan bakar umum
Speaker
Untuk membantu pengemudi kapan membelok, biasanya diberi speaker untuk memberikan informasi vokal kapan membelok kekiri atau kekanan. Informasi tambahan yang bisa diperoleh
Ada beberapa informasi tambahan yang bisa diperoleh dengan perangkat sistem navigasi kendaraan seperti:
* Kecepatan berkendara * Lintasan terpendek atau tercepat * Nama jalan yang akan dilalui * Kompas digital * Altimeter untuk mengukur ketinngian dari muka laut
Telepon Seluler dengan sistem navigasi
Beberapa telepon seluler saat ini dilengkapi dengan perangkat navigasi, sehingga dengan mudah menemukan suatu tempat.
Television in Indonesia began on August 17, 1962 in Jakarta with the state-run station, TVRI, which began broadcasting on the seventeenth anniversary of Indonesian Independence.[citation needed] It held a television monopoly in Indonesia until 1989, when the first commercial station, RCTI (Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia) began as a local station and was subsequently granted a national license a year later.
Each of the network has a wide variety of programs, ranging from traditional show, such as wayang performance, to programs like Indonesian Idol that are based on Western models. One typical television show of almost every network is sinetron[1] Sinetron is usually a drama series, following the soap opera format, but can also refer to any fictional series. Sometimes it can be comic, like the popular Bajaj Bajuri series, featuring a bajaj (a taxi-like tricycle) driver and the people he drives around. Terrestrial
Terrestrial TV started with the establishment of the first TV station in Indonesia. Indonesia only has one channel until the establishment of RCTI, first private television in Indonesia. Now, Indonesia has so many nation wide tv stations and local stations. Major nation wide TV station in Indonesia are RCTI, TPI, SCTV, antv, Indosiar, Metro TV, Trans 7, Trans TV, TV ONE, and Global TV. Now Indonesia is on the experimental phase to full implement of digital terrestrial tv in Indonesia. Indonesia adopted DVB-T format.
Satellite
Satellite television has been available in Indonesia since Indovision incorporated in August 8, 1988. Since then, technology for satellite television has changed from analogue to digital. Satellite tv in Indonesia usnig DVB-S format. Up to now, there are more than 5 satellite pay tv operators, name Indovision, TOP TV, TelkomVision, Yes TV, Aora TV, and OkeVision. Satellite television is available nation wide.
Cable
PT Broadband Multimedia Tbk is the first operator for cable tv in Indonesia under brand name Kabelvision in 1995. In 2006, the company launched Digital 1 along with the technology changed from analogue to digital. The company then change the name of the company to PT First Media Tbk in 2007 and also launched new brand, name First Media. Cable tv now is only available in Jabodetabek area and Surabaya. Cable TV in Indonesia is using DVB-C format.
Mobile
Mobile TV has two categories, free-to-air and Pay TV. Free-to-air TV available for years in Indonesia. Free-to-air is using analogue technology like UHV/VHF. Now free-to-air tv has adopted digital technology. In Indonesia, free-to-air tv is using DVB-H format.
There is only one operator for Mobile Pay TV in Indonesia. Mobile TV is currently only available in Jakarta.
This is the list of free-to-air television stations and networks that can be received by using UHF/VHF antenna in Indonesia.
National TV
List of networks that are transmitted throughout Indonesia:
* TVRI - state owned http://www.tvri.co.id/ * ANTV http://www.an.tv/ * Global TV http://www.globaltv.co.id/ * Indosiar http://www.indosiar.com/ * Metro TV http://www.metrotvnews.com/ * RCTI http://www.rcti.tv/ * SCTV http://www.sctv.co.id/ * Trans TV http://www.transtv.co.id/ * Trans 7 http://www.trans7.co.id/ * TPI http://www.tpi.tv/ * TVOne http://www.tvone.co.id/ * Televisi Edukasi (TVE) http://tve.depdiknas.go.id/ * Elshinta http://www.elshinta.co.id/ * DAAI TV http://www.daaitv.co.id/
The etymology of telematics, as determined by Automotive Telematics author and academic Dennis Foy, is from the Greek "tele" ('far away', especially in relation to the process of producing or recording) and ~Matos (a derivative of the Greek machinari, or contrivance, usually taken in this context to mean 'of its own accord'). As combined, the term "telematics" describes the process of long-distance transmission of computer-based information. It has been first introduced in French by Simon Nora and Alain Minc in L'informatisation de la Société (La Documentation Française, 1978)
Telematics — 1. The convergence of telecommunications and information processing, the term later evolved to refer to automation in automobiles, such as the invention of the emergency warning system for vehicles. GPS navigation, integrated hands-free cell phones, wireless safety communications and automatic driving assistance systems all are covered under the telematics umbrella. 2. The science of Telecommunications and Informatics applied in wireless technologies and computational systems. 802.11p, the IEEE standard in the 802.11 family and also referred to as Wireless Access for the Vehicular Environment (WAVE), is the primary standard that addresses and enhances Intelligent Transportation System
Vehicle tracking
Vehicle tracking is a way of monitoring the location, movements, status and behaviour of a vehicle or fleet of vehicles. This is achieved through a combination of a GPS(GNSS) receiver and an electronic device (usually comprising a GSM GPRS modem or SMS sender) installed in each vehicle, communicating with the user (dispatching, emergency or co-ordinating unit) and PC- or web-based software. The data are turned into information by management reporting tools in conjunction with a visual display on computerised mapping software. Vehicle tracking systems may also use odometry or dead reckoning as an alternative or complementary means of navigation.
Trailer tracking
Trailer tracking is the technology of tracking the movements and position of an articulated vehicle's trailer unit, through the use of a location unit fitted to the trailer and a method of returning the position data via mobile communication network or geostationary satellite communications, for use through either PC- or web-based software.
Cold store freight logistics
Cold store freight trailers that are used to deliver fresh or frozen foods are increasingly incorporating telematics to gather time-series data on the temperature inside the cargo container, both to trigger alarms and record an audit trail for business purposes. An increasingly sophisticated array of sensors, many incorporating RFID technology, are being used to ensure that temperature throughout the cargo remains within food-safety parameters.
Fleet management
Fleet management is the management of a company's vehicle fleet. Fleet management includes the management of ships and or motor vehicles such as cars, vans and trucks. Fleet (vehicle) Management can include a range of Fleet Management functions, such as vehicle financing, vehicle maintenance, vehicle telematics (tracking and diagnostics), driver management, fuel management and health & safety management. Fleet Management is a function which allows companies which rely on transportation in their business to remove or minimize the risks associated with vehicle investment, improving efficiency, productivity and reducing their overall transportation costs, providing 100% compliancy with government legislation and Duty of Care obligations. These functions can either be dealt with by an in-house Fleet Management department or an outsourced Fleet Management provider.
Satellite navigation
Satellite navigation in the context of vehicle telematics is the technology of using a GPS and electronic mapping tool to enable the driver of a vehicle to locate a position, then route plan and navigate a journey.
Mobile data and mobile television
Mobile data is use of wireless data communications using radio waves to send and receive real time computer data to, from and between devices used by field based personnel. These devices can be fitted solely for use while in the vehicle (Fixed Data Terminal) or for use in and out of the vehicle (Mobile Data Terminal). See mobile Internet.
Mobile data can be used to receive TV channels and programs, in a similar way to mobile phones, but using LCD TV devices.
Wireless vehicle safety communications
Wireless vehicle safety communications telematics aid in car safety and road safety. It is an electronic sub-system in a car or other vehicle for the purpose of exchanging safety information, about such things as road hazards and the locations and speeds of vehicles, over short range radio links. This may involve temporary ad hoc wireless local area networks.
Wireless units will be installed in vehicles and probably also in fixed locations such as near traffic signals and emergency call boxes along the road. Sensors in the cars and at the fixed locations, as well as possible connections to wider networks, will provide the information, which will be displayed to the drivers in some way. The range of the radio links can be extended by forwarding messages along multi-hop paths. Even without fixed units, information about fixed hazards can be maintained by moving vehicles by passing it backwards. It also seems possible for traffic lights, which one can expect to become smarter, to use this information to reduce the chance of collisions.
Further in the future, it may connect directly to the adaptive cruise control or other vehicle control aids. Cars and trucks with the wireless system connected to their brakes may move in convoys, to save fuel and space on the roads. When any column member slows down, all those behind it will automatically slow also. There are also possibilities that need less engineering effort. A radio beacon could be connected to the brake light, for example.
Network ideas are scheduled for test in fall 2008, in Europe where radio frequency bandwidth has been allocated. The 30 MHz allocated is at 5.9 GHz, and unallocated bandwidth at 5.4 GHz may also be used. The standard is IEEE 802.11p, a low latency form of the Wi-Fi local area network standard. Similar efforts are underway in Japan and the USA.
Emergency warning system for vehicles
Telematics technologies are self-orientating open network architecture structure of variable programmable intelligent beacons developed for application in the development of intelligent vehicles — with target intent to accord (blend, or mesh) warning information with surrounding vehicles in the vicinity of travel, intra-vehicle, and infrastructure. Emergency warning system for vehicles telematics particularly developed for international harmonisation and standardisation of vehicle-to-vehicle — infrastructure-to-vehicle — and vehicle-to-infrastructure real-time Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) systems.
Telematics most commonly relate to computerised systems that update information at the same rate as they receive data, enabling them to direct or control a process such as an instantaneous autonomous warning notification in a remote machine or group of machines. By use of telematics as applied to intelligent vehicle technologies, instantaneous direction travel cognizance of a vehicle may be transmitted in real-time to surrounding vehicles traveling in the local area of vehicles equipped (with EWSV) to receive said warning signals of danger.
Intelligent vehicle technologies
Telematics comprise electronic, electromechanical, and electromagnetic devices — usually silicon micromachined components operating in conjunction with computer controlled devices and radio transceivers to provide precision repeatability functions (such as in robotics artificial intelligence systems) emergency warning validation performance reconstruction.
Intelligent vehicle technologies commonly apply to car safety systems and self-contained autonomous electromechanical sensors generating warnings that can be transmitted within a specified targeted area of interest, say within 100 meters of the emergency warning system for vehicles transceiver. In ground applications, intelligent vehicle technologies are utilized for safety and commercial communications between vehicles or between a vehicle and a sensor along the road.
An automotive navigation system is a satellite navigation system designed for use in automobiles. It typically uses a GPS navigation device to acquire position data to locate the user on a road in the unit's map database. Using the road database, the unit can give directions to other locations along roads also in its database. Dead reckoning using distance data from sensors attached to the drivetrain, a gyroscope and an accelerometer can be used for greater reliability, as GPS signal loss and/or multipath can occur due to urban canyons or tunnels.
Technology Visualization
Navigation systems may (or may not) use a combination of any of the following:
* top view for the map * top view for the map with the map rotating with the automobile (so that "up" on the map always corresponds to "forward" in the vehicle) * bird's-eye view for the map or the next curve * linear gauge for distance, which is redundant if a rotating map is used * numbers for distance * schematic pictograms * voice prompts
Road database
Contents
The road database is a vector map of some area of interest. Street names or numbers and house numbers are encoded as geographic coordinates so that the user can find some desired destination by street address (see map database management).
Points of interest (waypoints) will also be stored with their geographic coordinates. Point of interest specialties include speed cameras, fuel stations, public parking, and "parked here" (or "you parked here").
Contents can be produced by the user base as their cars drive along existing streets (Wi-Fi) and communicating via the internet, yielding a free and up-to-date map.
Media
The road database may be stored in solid state read-only memory (ROM), optical media (CD or DVD), solid state flash memory, magnetic media (hard disk), or a combination. A common scheme is to have a base map permanently stored in ROM that can be augmented with detailed information for a region the user is interested in. A ROM is always programmed at the factory; the other media may be preprogrammed, downloaded from a CD or DVD via a computer or wireless connection (bluetooth, Wi-Fi), or directly used utilizing a card reader.
Some navigation device makers provide free map updates for their customers. These updates are often obtained from the vendor's website, which is accessed by connecting the navigation device to a PC. Real-time data Main article: Integration of traffic data with navigation systems
Some newer systems can not only give precise driving directions, they can also receive and display information on traffic congestion and suggest alternate routes. These may use either TMC, which delivers coded traffic information using radio RDS, or by GPRS/3G data transmission via mobile phones.
One key type of real-time data is traffic information, which includes:
* Real-time data about free/full parkings; * Nearest public transport lines and prices, to go to a destination, when there is a jam.
Other real-time data includes weather broadcasting, etc.
Integration and other functions
* The color LCD screens on some automotive navigation systems can also be used to display television broadcasts or DVD movies. * A few systems integrate (or communicate) with mobile phones for hands-free talking and SMS messaging (i.e., using Bluetooth or Wi-Fi). * Automotive navigation systems can include personal information management for meetings, which can be combined with a traffic and public transport information system.
Another synonym for telematics is telemetry. There is a slight difference. One is more to define the technology, yet other one is more meant to highlight its measuring feature.
Here is a passage about telemetry application in agriculture.
Telemetry Applications in Agriculture
Most activities related to healthy crops and good yields depend on timely availability of weather and soil data. Therefore, wireless weather stations play a major role in disease prevention and precision irrigation. These stations transmit major parameters needed for good decisions to a base station: air temperature and relative humidity, precipitation and leaf wetness (for disease prediction models), solar radiation and wind speed (to calculate evapotranspiration), and sometimes also soil moisture, crucial to understand the progress of water into soil and roots for irrigation decisions.
Because local micro-climates can vary significantly, such data needs to come from right within the crop. Monitoring stations usually transmit data back by terrestrial radio though occasionally satellite systems are used. Solar power is often employed to make the station independent from local infrastructure.
Evapotranspiration (ET) is a term used to describe the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land surface to atmosphere. Evaporation accounts for the movement of water to the air from sources such as the soil, canopy interception, and waterbodies. Transpiration accounts for the movement of water within a plant and the subsequent loss of water as vapor through stomata in its leaves. Evapotranspiration is an important part of the water cycle. An element (such as a tree) that contributes to evapotranspiration can be called an evapotranspirator.
Source: wikipedia
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I do not mean to promote someone's product. But the overview videos of farming/agriculture telemetry system is quite enlightening about what we have discussed so far.
Real application of agriculture telemetry.
Please enjoy them:
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You may find and interesting research relevant to the topic:
Title: Infrared telemetry for agricultural applications. Personal Authors: Feuer, L. Author Affiliation: Automata, Inc., Grass Valley, CA, USA. Editors: No editors Document Title: Agri-Mation 2. Proceedings of the Conference, Chicago, March 3-5, 1986. ASAE Publication 01-86.
Abstract:
Communication aspects and system design for IR telemetry are considered. Power requirements for various communication speeds (band rate), and choice of wavelength are examined. A closed loop system configuration is desirable in agricultural applications. Other features reducing communications failure are on-site data storage and local field station control algorithms. Physical equipment considerations, such as ease of equipment installation, and removal during harvesting operations or planting are also discussed. Advice is given on the selection of telemetry equipment.
Publisher: American Society of Agricultural Engineers
Tsunami that Asia Pacific experienced in late 2004 has left many injuries in our hearts, because hundreds of thousands of people lost their lives.
Yet, this turned the attention of scientist to do researches in the field of tsunami or earthquake detection.
Indonesian government has installed several units of tsunami detectors over the Sumatra coast and some other islands of country.
Well, of course, if the technology is not used for such matters, what else should it be?
Here I would like to provide an article of prominent Indonesian researcher Bambang Widyatmoko (Physics Researcher of LIPI), publish in KORAN TEMPO, a national newspaper. "Detecting Tsunami using Laser Sensor"
It was published on March 2005. But I would like to refresh our minds, in order to keep it in agenda.
In fact there are many other technologies that are proposed to detect earthquake/tsunami. But it won't hurt to at least to hear about it.
Eventually it will rise the social conscience about the matter.
Last, but not the least: I apologize for not being able to provide the figures that are mentioned in the article.
Teknologi pendeteksi gelombang tsunami tak mesti terlalu canggih. Teknologi laser sederhanapun bisa digunakan untuk mengendusnya.
Gempa dahsyat disertai gelombang tsunami yang terjadi di Sumatera Utara dan Aceh beberapa waktu yang lalu memberikan pelajaran yang sangat berharga bagi bangsa Indonesia betapa hebatnya daya lumat gelombang tsunami. Namun, kita semuapun tercengang manakala tahu bahwa sebetulnya tsunami perlu waktu beberapa menit hingga beberapa puluh menit untuk mencapai daratan. Diantara waktu itu, sesungguhnya sangat memungkinkan digunakan untuk memberi peringatan kepada penduduk di sekitar pantai akan adanya bahaya, sehingga mereka bisa menjauh secepatnya,. Sayangnya ini yang tidak terjadi.
Pengalaman pahit itu menuntut kita mencari cara menghindarkan diri dari pengalaman serupa. Salah satunya barangkali kita bisa menengok pada Jepang, negeri rawan sekaligus berpengalaman menangani gempa dan tsunami.
Jepang yang juga merupakan negara rawan gempa telah memasang alat pendeteksi gempa, baik di darat maupun di laut. Alat yang dipasang di laut juga dilengkapi dengan pendeteksi tsunami. Alat inipun dilengkapi dengan komputer super cepat beserta sarana komunikasinya. Dengan demikian, ketika tsunami terjadi, hanya dalam hitungan 2-5 menit, seluruh data komplet tentang ancaman tsunami itu tersiar ke publik melalui jaringan televisi. Mekanisme peringatan dini inilah yang dikembangkan di Jepang kini.
Sebenarnya ada beberapa metode yang bisa digunakan untuk mendeteksi adanya tsunami yang dikembangkan. Salah satunya adalah seperti yang dikembangkan Dr. Sakata, peneliti ahli tsunami dari The National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED). Jepang, telah menciptakan metode baru dengan memakai laser. Metode ini sangat sederhana dan sangat sensitif sebagai sensor tsunami ataupun sensor pergeseran / tekanan. Disamping itu, alat ini terbebas dari suara bising karena yang dikirim ke sensor yang berada jauh dari pantai adalah cahaya laser melalui fiber optik sedang seluruh perangkat elektronik diletakkan di darat.
Gambar menunjukkan sistem pendeteksi tsunami dengan laser. Ada dua bagian yang terpisah, yaitu bagian sensor utama yang diletakkan di dasar laut beberapa kilometer dari pantai dan bagian monitoring atau kontrol yang berada di darat (ruang kontrol / monitor). Dua laser diode digunakan sebagai sumber cahaya sekaligus sebagai slave oscillator. Dari masing-masing laser dibagi menjadi dua bagian dengan perbandingan 9:1. Bagian yang 90 persen dikirim ke bagian sensor melalui fiber optik, demikian pula cahaya balik dikirim melalui fiber optik ke tempat penerima (ruang kontrol). Cahaya balik dari sensor akan dideteksi oleh photo detector dan kemudian sinyal dipakai untuk mengunci frekuensi laser terhadap transmisi puncak dari resonator. Bagian lain disatukan memakai fiber coupler untuk membangkitkan beat signal dan diukur frekuensinya.
Sensor utama yang diletakkan di dasar laut berupa dua buah Fabry-Perot resonator dengan free spectral range (FSR) yang sama. Masing-masing cavity ini terbentuk dari dua buah cermin yang terpisahkan dengan jarak Lc dan dipasang bersilang (sumbu x dan y). FSR didefinisikan sebagai FSR = C/(2 n Lc), dengan C adalah kecepatan cahaya (m/detik), n adalah indeks bias medium (= 1) dan Lc adalah jarak antara dua cermin.
Cavity ini hanya akan memberikan transmisi puncak bila frekuensi laser bersesuaian (beresonansi) dengan FSR dari cavity. Kemudian cavity dimasukkan ke dalam tabung silinder yang terbuat dari bahan antikarat yang masing-masing cermin dikunci dengan dinding tabung. Bentuk bagian dalam dibuat sedemikian rupa sehingga ada beda tebal dari dinding silinder pada arah x dan y (lihat gambar).
Apabila dinding tabung terkena tekanan akibat gelombang tsunami, Lc akan berubah yang mengakibatkan FSR dari cavity berubah. Perbedaan tebal dinding juga mengakibatkan perbedaan perubahan panjang dari cavity 1 dan cavity 2. Gambar A menunjukkan grafik transmisi puncak dari resonator sebagai fungsi sweep frekuensi laser. Seperti digambarkan dalam grafik bahwa dengan tekanan yang sama ada perbedaan perubahan FSR dari resonator 1 dan 2. Perubahan ini yang dideteksi lebih lanjut dengan beat frekuensi dari dua laser yang masing-masing frekuensinya terkunci pada dua cavity tersebut. Locking laser terhadap peak transmisi dari sensor dilakukan dengan rangkaian sederhana berupa auto-lock circuit. Gambar B menggambarkan transmisi puncak dari sensor dilihat menggunakan oscilloscope, sedangkan gambar C menunjukkan sinyal setelah laser dikunci. Terlihat bahwa daya transmisinya sama dengan puncak dari sensor, yang berarti laser terkunci dengan baik terhadap sensor. Kecepatan sistem kontrol adalah 10 KHz, kecepatan ini cukup untuk mengantisipasi kecepatan perubahan sensor.
Sensor bekerja bila kedua laser terkunci dengan baik ke masing-masing pasangan resonator. Kemudian dari sebagian cahaya laser yang digabungkan dideteksi beat sinyalnya memakai photo detector. Sumber cahaya beserta kelengkapannya yang diletakkan di darat. Dari alat ini dapat dimonitor perubahan frekuensi laser yang bersesuaian dengan dengan tinggi tsunami dan seterusnya disalurkan ke pusat pengamatan gempa memakai saluran telepon. Perubahan beda frekuensi 12 MHz dideteksi untuk setiap perubahan tsunami 1 cm. Untuk jarak antara dua cermin 10 cm, FSR dari resonator kira-kira 6 GHz, sehingga akan bisa mendeteksi tsunami yang tingginya mencapai 5 meter. Besarnya tsunami yang dapat dideteksi bisa diperbesar dengan memperbesar jarak dua cermin atau mempertebal dinding tabung. Jarak sensor ke darat dapat mencapai 50-100 km tergantung pada daya laser yang dipakai. Dengan jarak sensor 100 km dari pantai juga memungkinkan untuk memberi peringatan dini lebih dari puluhan menit ke darat bila di bagian sensor terjadi tsunami.
Sejauh ini sensor tsunami bukan merupakan produk yang banyak terjual di pasar karena biasanya pemakai adalah pemerintahan (badan penelitian), sehingga harganya cukup mahal. Namun, dari segi teknologi sensor ini bukanlah hal yang susah didapat sehingga 100 persen bisa dibuat (dirakit) di Indonesia. Tentu hal ini membutuhkan dukungan dari pemerintah untuk semaksimal mungkin memanfatkan potensi SDM dalam negeri dan menjalin kerjasama dengan pakar penemunya di Jepang. Masalahnya kini, maukah kita melakukannya ?
Resource : Koran Tempo (1 Maret 2005) Re-post: http://www.opto.lipi.go.id/utama.cgi?artikel&1110065869&1
Beberapa tahun yang lalu saya mendapatkan kesempatan menghadiri di sebuah seminar di Universitas Teknologi Petronas oleh perwakilan dari tim Formula 1, Petronas-Sauber. Mereka memberi presentasi tentang teknologi yang digunakan di mobil balap Formula 1. Perwakilan dari tim elektronik, tim mekanik, dll. masing-masing membela kepentingan bagian sendiri.
Memang, pada waktu itu pengetahuan saya tentang teknologi begitu terbatas, saya tidak mengerti banyak apa yang dibahas. Memang selanjutnya saya mendapatkan banyak ilmu tentang teknologi secara umum. Kini karena saya diwajibkan karena tugas kuliah, saya memutuskan mencari informasi tentang Telematics.
Secara umum telematics itu, tehnologi aliran informasi tanpa kabel. (Penjelasan dengan kata saya sendiri.)
Telematics juga disebut telemetry. Telematics digunakan di berbagai bidang: kendaraan, kesehatan, telecommunikasi, dll. Dan karena ini kewajiban kuliah, saya harus mengirimkan beberapa makalah tentang Telematics.
Sebenarnya saya lebih nyaman melakukan tulisan ilmiah dalam English, namun saya lihat tidak ada kesempatan yang lebih baik untuk mencoba menulis dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Bahasa adalah kekayaan yang tidak bisa dibeli. Saya terus akan berusaha berhargai anugerah indah ini. (Mohon maaf, sedikit berarah luar.)
Teknologi Telematika yang sering dibahas adalah Global Positioning System (GPS). Saya mau memberi informasi GPS. Sumber utama saya Wikipedia.
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Global Positioning System (GPS) adalah U.S. space-based global navigation satellite system. Ia memberi melayanan positisi, navigasi dan timing yang akurat pada pengguna seluruh dunia tanpa dihindari dari bermacam cuaca, siang-malam, di manapun di atas atau dekat bumi yang memiliki penampakan empat atau lebih satelit GPS. (Hope I translated it correctly.)
Aplikasi Utama: 1. Militer, 2. Navigasi, 3. Sistem Informasi Geografis, 4. Sistem Pelacakan Kendaraan, 5. Pemantau Gempa
Sejarah singkat
Sistem GPS pertama sejenis ground-based radio transmission pernah digunakan pada masa Perang Dunia II tahun 1940an. Meski ada ide untuk menguji akurasi GPS dengan atomic clock pada tahun 1956 oleh Friedwardt Winterberg, inspirasi utama datang sesudah Uni Soviet me-launched Sputnik ke angkasa pada tahun 1957. (Satelit pertama buatan manusia).
Amerika Serikat menguji GPS satelit pertama, Transit, pada tahun 1960. Kombinasi 5 satelit mampu memberi navigasi sejam sekali. Pada tahun 1967 GPS yang lebih akurat Timation dikembangkan. Sedangkan pada 1970an Omega ground-based system menjadi sistem navigasi radio global yang pertama.
Namun kebutuhan manusia terus mendorong agar ada berkembangan di bidang ini. Demand utama penguna adalah akurasi teknologi ini.
Walaupun perkembangan teknologi ini membutuhkan biaya yang sangat tinggi, AS terpaksa menginvestasikan untuk ini, dikarenakan ancaman Perang Dingin. Selanjutnya perkembangan teknologi GPS lebih beralih ke militer. Angkatan udara, darat dan laut menginstall GPS launching system untuk mencapai akurasi menembak targetnya.
Pada tahun 1984 Ronald Reagan membebaskan GPS untuk penggunaan sipil.
Teknologi GPS pada tahun 2004 berhasil uji coba di mobile phones.
